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General Practice Ghanshyam Vaidya A General Practitioner is a doctor who specializes in internal medicine, family practice, pediatrics, geriatrics, and sub-specialties. A general practitioner usually refers patients to specialists for referral. General practitioners are qualified to diagnose and treat common medical problems that require little or no laboratory tests. Some general practitioners are also eligible for an unrestricted medical license enabling them to perform surgery or prescribe medications. They can treat minor injuries too without ER cases being submitted. Most doctors do not face financial constraints in practicing medicine and take care of the general population. To practice medicine, a doctor needs to complete a medical school, residency and fellowship. The medical school gives a doctor his/her basic medical knowledge and training to become a doctor that serves the community. The residency involves years of education and allows doctors to practice medicine under supervision of another doctor. After completing their residency, doctors get trained for specific exams such as MD (medicine) or MDS (medical doctor). There are also internships where residents work under supervision of another doctor for a period of time before getting licensed to perform surgery or prescribe medications. There are three major medical specializations covered by general practitioners/family physicians. The first is preventive medicine. This involves wellness and cancer screening, as well as lifestyle counseling for those with chronic illnesses or those who are at risk of developing a disease such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. The second is the diagnosis and treatment of minor injuries such as cuts, burns, and sprains. The third is treating patients who have acute conditions such as ear infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections and injuries that do not require immediate surgery or hospital care. The General Practitioner program was inaugurated in 1997 for the development of Family Medicine in Nepal. The program was started with the objective of making General Practitioners (GP) the most important component in providing satisfactory health care to all inhabitants. Moreover, it is also to enable GP to play their role as one of the most important pillars in the national health system. The program has achieved multiple objectives. The performance of family medicine doctors has increased significantly since 1997, this is attributed primarily to the increase in number of doctors practicing family medicine, more particularly those who are trained and experienced, and those that are using appropriate technologies (e.g. Telemedicine). Additionally, the number of doctors practicing in community based primary health centers has also increased significantly. Family physicians play a significant role in improving the health care delivery system for Nepal, as they are capable of providing reliable care to the medically underserved population. However, this cannot be attained without a concerted effort from various stakeholders including community based primary health centers and those working at the hospital level. Family medicine doctors play a vital role in a number of indirect aspects of health care delivery, such as: There is growing interest among clinical and research scientists to support clinical practices with evidence-based medicine. eccc085e13
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